In 1961, Stanislaw Rozewicz created the novella film "Birth Certificate" in cooperation with his brother, Taduesz Rozewicz as screenwriter. Such brother tandems are rare in the history of film but aside from family ties, Stanislaw (born in 1924) and Taduesz (born in 1921) were mutually bound by their love for the cinema. They were born and grew up in Radomsk, a small town which had "its madmen and its saints" and most importanly, the "Kinema" cinema, as Stanislaw recalls: for him cinema is "heaven, the whole world, enchantment". Tadeusz says he considers cinema both a charming market stall and a mysterious temple. "All this savage land has always attracted and fascinated me," he says. "I am devoured by cinema and I devour cinema; I'm a cinema eater." But Taduesz Rozewicz, an eminent writer, admits this unique form of cooperation was a problem to him: "It is the presence of the other person not only in the process of writing, but at its very core, which is inserperable for me from absolute solitude." Some scenes the brothers wrote together; others were created by the writer himself, following discussions with the director. But from the perspective of time, it is "Birth Certificate", rather than "Echo" or "The Wicked Gate", that Taduesz describes as his most intimate film. This is understandable. The tradgey from September 1939 in Poland was for the Rozewicz brothers their personal "birth certificate". When working on the film, the director said "This time it is all about shaking off, getting rid of the psychological burden which the war was for all of us. ... Cooperation with my brother was in this case easier, as we share many war memories. We wanted to show to adult viewers a picture of war as seen by a child. ... In reality, it is the adults who created the real world of massacres. Children beheld the horrors coming back to life, exhumed from underneath the ground, overwhelming the earth."
The principle of composition of "Birth Certificate" is not obvious. When watching a novella film, we tend to think in terms of traditional theatre. We expect that a miniature story will finish with a sharp point; the three film novellas in Rozewicz's work lack this feature. We do not know what will be happen to the boy making his alone through the forest towards the end of "On the Road". We do not know whether in "Letter from the Camp", the help offered by the small heroes to a Soviet prisoner will rescue him from the unknown fate of his compatriots. The fate of the Jewish girl from "Drop of Blood" is also unclear. Will she keep her new impersonation as "Marysia Malinowska"? Or will the Nazis make her into a representative of the "Nordic race"? Those questions were asked by the director for a reason. He preceived war as chaos and perdition, and not as linear history that could be reflected in a plot. Although "Birth Certificate" is saturated with moral content, it does not aim to be a morality play. But with the immense pressure of reality, no varient of fate should be excluded. This approached can be compared wth Krzysztof Kieslowski's "Blind Chance" 25 years later, which pictured dramatic choices of a different era.
The film novella "On the Road" has a very sparing plot, but it drew special attention of the reviewers. The ominating overtone of the war films created by the Polish Film School at that time should be kept in mind. Mainly owing to Wajda, those films dealt with romantic heritage. They were permeated with pathos, bitterness, and irony. Rozewicz is an extraordinary artist. When narrating a story about a boy lost in a war zone, carrying some documents from the regiment office as if they were a treasure, the narrator in "On the Road" discovers rough prose where one should find poetry. And suddenly, the irrational touches this rather tame world. The boy, who until that moment resembled a Polish version of the Good Soldier Schweik, sets off, like Don Quixote, for his first and last battle. A critic described it as "an absurd gesture and someone else could surely use it to criticise the Polish style of dying. ... But the Rozewicz brothers do no accuse: they only compose an elegy for the picturesque peasant-soldier, probably the most important veteran of the Polish war of 1939-1945." "Birth Certificate" is not a lofty statement about national imponderabilia. The film reveals a plebeian perspective which Aleksander Jackieqicz once contrasted with those "lyrical lamentations" inherent in the Kordian tradition. However, a historical overview of Rozewicz's work shows that the distinctive style does not signify a fundamental difference in illustrating the Polish September. Just as the memorable scene from Wajda's "Lotna" was in fact an expression of desperation and distress, the same emotions permeate the final scene of "Birth Certificate". These are not ideological concepts, though once described as such and fervently debated, but rather psychological creations. In this specific case, observes Witold Zalewski, it is not about manifesting knightly pride, but about a gesture of a simple man who does not agree to be enslaved.
The novella "Drop of Blood" is, with Aleksander Ford's "Border Street", one of the first narrations of the fate of the Polish Jews during the Nazi occupation. The story about a girl literally looking for her place on earth has a dramatic dimension. Especially in the age of today's journalistic disputes, often manipulative, lacking in empathy and imbued with bad will, Rozewicz's story from the past shocks with its authenticity. The small herione of the story is the only one who survives a German raid on her family home. Physical survial does not, however, mean a return to normality. Her frightened departure from the rubbish dump that was her hideout lead her to a ruined apartment. Her walk around it is painful because still fresh signs of life are mixed with evidence of annihilation. Help is needed, but Mirka does not know anyone in the outside world. Her subsequent attempts express the state of the fugitive's spirits - from hope and faith, moving to doubt, a sense of oppression, and thickening fear, and finally to despair.
At the same time, the Jewish girl's search for refuge resembles the state of Polish society. The appearance of Mirka results in confusion, and later, trouble. This was already signalled by Rozewicz in an exceptional scene from "Letter from the Camp" in which the boy's neighbour, seeing a fugitive Russian soldier, retreats immediately, admitting that "Now, people worry only about themselves." Such embarassing excuses mask fear. During the occupation, no one feels safe. Neither social status not the aegis of a charity organisation protects against repression. We see the potential guardians of Mirka passing her back and forth among themselves. These are friendly hands but they cannot offer strong support. The story takes place on that thin line between solidarity and heroism. Solidarity arises spontaneously, but only some are capable of heroism. Help for the girl does not always result from compassion; sometimes it is based on past relations and personal ties (a neighbour of the doctor takes in the fugitive for a few days because of past friendship). Rozewicz portrays all of this in a subtle way; even the smallest gesture has significance. Take, for example, the conversation with a stranger on the train: short, as if jotted down on the margin, but so full of tension. And earlier, a peculiar examination of Polishness: the "Holy Father" prayer forced on Mirka by the village boys to check that she is not a Jew. Would not rising to the challenge mean a death sentance?
Viewed after many years, "Birth Certificate" discloses yet another quality that is not present in the works of the Polish School, but is prominent in later B-class war films. This is the picture of everyday life during the war and occupation outlined in the three novellas. It harmonises with the logic of speaking about "life after life". Small heroes of Rozewicz suddenly enter the reality of war, with no experience or scale with which to compare it. For them, the present is a natural extension of and at the same time a complete negation of the past. Consider the sleey small-town marketplace, through which armoured columns will shortly pass. Or meet the German motorcyclists, who look like aliens from outer space - a picture taken from an autopsy because this is how Stanislaw and Taduesz perceived the first Germans they ever met. Note the blurred silhouettes of people against a white wall who are being shot - at first they are shocking, but soon they will probably become a part of the grim landscape. In the city centre stands a prisoner camp on a sodden bog ("People perish likes flies; the bodies are transported during the night"); in the street the childern are running after a coal wagon to collect some precious pieces of fuel. There's a bustle around some food (a boy reproaches his younger brother's actions by singing: "The warrant officer's son is begging in front of the church? I'm going to tell mother!"); and the kitchen, which one evening becomes the proscenium of a real drama. And there are the symbols: a bar of chocolate forced upon a boy by a Wehrmacht soldier ("On the Road"); a pair of shoes belonging to Zbyszek's father which the boy spontaneously gives to a Russian fugitive; a priceless slice of bread, ground under the heel of a policeman in the guter ("Letters from the Camp"). As the director put it: "In every film, I communicate my own vision of the world and of the people. Only then the style follows, the defined way of experiencing things." In Birth Certificate, he adds, his approach was driven by the subject: "I attempted to create not only the texture of the document but also to add some poetic element. I know it is risky but as for the merger of documentation and poety, often hidden very deep, if only it manages to make its way onto the screen, it results in what can referred to as 'art'."
After 1945, there were numerous films created in Europe that dealt with war and children, including "Somewhere in Europe" ("Valahol Europaban", 1947 by Geza Radvanyi), "Shoeshine" ("Sciescia", 1946 by Vittorio de Sica), and "Childhood of Ivan" ("Iwanowo dietstwo" by Andriej Tarkowski). Yet there were fewer than one would expect. Pursuing a subject so imbued with sentimentalism requires stylistic disipline and a special ability to manage child actors. The author of "Birth Certificate" mastered both - and it was not by chance. Stanislaw Rozewicz was always the beneficent spirit of the film milieu; he could unite people around a common goal. He emanated peace and sensitivity, which flowed to his co-workers and pupils. A film, being a group work, necessitates some form of empathy - tuning in with others.
In a biographical documentary about Stanislaw Rozewicz entitled "Walking, Meeting" (1999 by Antoni Krauze), there is a beautiful scene when the director, after a few decades, meets Beata Barszczewska, who plays Mireczka in the novella "Drops of Blood". The woman falls into the arms of the elderly man. They are both moved. He wonders how many years have passed. She answers: "A few years. Not too many." And Rozewicz, with his characteristic smile says: "It is true. We spent this entire time together."
冲着雷老爷子去看的，看到第二幕就想到了罗生门，加上了女权和对决，还行不过不是我的菜
据说在美国票房惨败，我觉得主要还是太长了，可以稍微精炼一点。拍的还是很好的，历史上真实案件的老瓶装上了女性主义的新酒。在决斗过程中我就在想，强奸犯和老公都死了的话，女主就自由了，可以自己当家做主了。果然这就是最后的结局，棒！
除了空间感建立太弱，完成度很高了
虽是罗生门结构，但是每个人对真相的理解大体还是诚实的，只是在立场和程度上有所区别，这一点很现实主义；罪人知罪，倒是丈夫自我欺骗得最多。 // Ridley Scott执导细节把握得好，高潮决斗功力老道；本马达组合作为联合编剧的贡献或许比表演还要多。 // 一个有趣的点是，国王看似昏君，但在当时情境下看，所做的决策却算是最公平合理的。
三位主角都贡献了不错的演技，但故事还是传统的罗生门，也符合当下女权的主流价值取向，值得看的好电影。下午我又想想，导演也投机取巧啊！加个机位，换几句台词，剪三次，半小时的故事就成一个半小时了。牛逼！
电影采用了特别的三段式：却是3种视角，细微的差别，截然不同的意义，从而突出那个属于女性的、受害者的真实版本，而不是那些为了权力和面子的伪君子的。历史是胜利者的书写，今天女性也获得了历史书写的权利，我们活在一个好的时代，这样的悲惨故事才得以不再一再的上演。
质感一流，好莱坞最会拍古装的大导演，老雷一定要长命百岁！
女主演技好好，三个不同视角的叙事手法真的把影片拉向了高潮，推荐～
罗生门是极好的反映人性的叙事手法，不论剧中还是剧外 更不论历史时代
和處女作的異同是看片前的最大好奇，看完，或許不用再比較。
故事比想象的简单，但最后决斗戏拍得太好了啊我的天。科莫妹子绝了
影片表现出了当时欧洲小贵族的生活状态以及哪怕是贵族女性也不受尊重的事实
从第一章就能看出来这个故事有多难讲了
斯科特的史诗片是才华的黑夜，没有月亮、没有星星的天空。所谓罗生门的道德困境，不在于女主的性别，而是在于每个人都会面临的地位尊卑。无论是决斗过后众人对丈夫的礼赞和对妻子的无视，还是片尾字幕所说的夫死妻荣，其目的都无非是在迎合女权而已
2021最后一部
实大失所望，经典女性题材电影，跟热点赚尽口碑，罗生门式的叙述女闺蜜的告密岳母的自白和恶心中世纪法庭的宗教审问更是惊起一片巨涛，但在盛行宫廷之爱的中世纪政治婚姻的冷漠其实不论男女都心知肚明，谁又不是互相利用和相互附庸，作为战争资源为最价值的冷兵器时代自然是男性权利的鼎盛，但女主最大原罪绝不是性别而是没有强硬家族后台反之男性也可能没权利，这便是本片致命漏洞偷梁换柱，只是以中古之名行输出意识形态之实并没有深入到时代问题还不如老实拍个现代题材，本以为还会深入探讨人性但都戛然而止实令人遗憾，且角色太过脸谱根本没啥深挖价值，亚当本在星战时就觉难堪大任，结果本片还是万人迷故作忧郁的演技更是令人不快，虽雷的服道化依然精彩，但尤其片尾夫死妇荣的挑拨之词真是其心可诛，假意奉迎也不过是利用话题消费女性利己而已。
上帝造男造女，真相不重要。马特达蒙发型太丑了。
不负片名，决斗戏确实拍得好，“罗生门”叙事的变体，不同视角依次讲述没有形成谎言漩涡，反而在逐渐填补逼近真相，暧昧性只存在于各自回避掉的情节和极其微小的细节。到第三幕揭露性的女性羞辱连珠炮一样甩出来，语气急转为正确且坚定的性别表达，精心构建的戏剧力场瞬间崩塌，猝不及防啊。
如此大手笔，就拍了这么一件“小事”，值得赞扬！值得支持！电影3星，题材加1星！本片最大减分项就是color grading……好比tm美图秀秀滤镜一般…现在的润色师们能不能好好多看看几遍斯坦利和塔可夫斯基！尼玛连个白天的光都调不好！
对着司机说英俊大概是在考验大家的演技🙄在颇具讽刺的中世纪罗生门下，男主们虚伪且自以为是，简直是在比烂，决斗结果虽显“正义”，但无非是拿女主遭受的伤害来成就那个时代的骑士“荣誉”，所幸最后的最后，结局大快人心。社会发展让人们逐渐意识觉醒，越认识到旧世界男权至上与教权当道的残酷压迫，越要批判和清除当今依旧残留的旧日余孽。
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